Last Updated on June 5, 2025

Primary Care Providers and Addiction: How Your Family Doctor Can Be the First Step to Recovery

When you’re struggling with a substance use disorder, knowing where to begin can feel overwhelming. For many people, the idea of walking into a treatment center or calling a rehab facility right away might feel like too much. But what if the first step toward recovery could be taken with someone you already know and trust—your primary care provider (PCP)?

Although most primary care doctors are not addiction specialists, they play a powerful and often underutilized role in identifying substance use issues early and connecting patients to the care they need. In fact, according to the Mayo Clinic, discussing your drug or alcohol use with your family doctor is a recommended way to begin the recovery process.

In this blog, we’ll explore how primary care providers can support addiction recovery, what you can expect during an appointment, when and how they may treat substance use directly, and when they’ll refer you to a specialist. If you’re ready to get help—but don’t know where to start—this guide will show you how your regular doctor could be your best first step.

What Is a Primary Care Provider?

A primary care provider is typically the first point of contact for all your general healthcare needs. PCPs include:

• Family medicine doctors (MD or DO)

• Internal medicine physicians

• Nurse practitioners (NPs)

• Physician assistants (PAs)

These providers know your medical history, monitor your overall health, and help manage chronic conditions. Because of their long-term relationships with patients, they are well-positioned to recognize changes in behavior or health that may signal substance use issues.

Why Talk to Your PCP About Addiction?

You may think of addiction as something that only a specialist or rehab facility can handle—but your primary care doctor can be a safe and accessible starting point.

Here’s why:

• They already know you. A long-standing relationship means your PCP can spot patterns, risks, or red flags early.

• They’re trained to screen for substance use. Many providers use tools like the CAGE questionnaire or AUDIT-C to assess alcohol or drug use.

• They can provide confidential advice. Your doctor is legally and ethically bound to protect your privacy.

• They offer nonjudgmental support. Most modern PCPs take a harm-reduction approach, focusing on helping, not shaming.

• They can manage related medical issues. Addiction often impacts physical health—your PCP can address liver health, infections, pain management, and more.

• They provide referrals. If specialized care is needed, your PCP can coordinate your transition to a rehab center, psychiatrist, or counselor.

Simply put, starting with your PCP gives you a low-pressure, trusted entry point into the world of addiction treatment.

What Happens During an Addiction Conversation With a PCP?

Many people avoid talking about substance use out of fear, shame, or uncertainty. But it’s important to remember that doctors are trained to help—not judge. If you’re ready to open up about your drug or alcohol use, here’s what you can typically expect:

1. Health History Review

Your doctor will ask questions about your medical history, mental health, and substance use patterns, including:

• What substances you’re using

• How often and how much

• When your use began

• How it’s affecting your health, work, or relationships

• Whether you’ve tried to stop before

• If you’ve experienced withdrawal symptoms

2. Physical Exam and Lab Work

Your doctor may perform a physical exam and order lab tests to assess how substances have impacted your body. This could include:

• Liver function tests

• Kidney function panels

• Heart health assessments

• Blood pressure and weight measurements

• Screening for infectious diseases (especially in IV drug users)

3. Mental Health Screening

Because mental health and substance use are closely linked, your doctor may ask questions to assess for conditions like:

• Depression

• Anxiety

• PTSD

• Sleep disorders

• Bipolar disorder

These questions help determine whether a referral to a psychiatrist or therapist is appropriate.

4. Discussion of Options

Based on the findings, your doctor may recommend:

• Continuing care with them (if appropriate)

• A referral to a psychologist, addiction psychiatrist, or counselor

• Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for opioid or alcohol dependence

• Enrollment in a rehab facility or intensive outpatient program

• Behavioral health resources, support groups, or apps

Can Primary Care Doctors Treat Addiction Directly?

Yes—in some cases, primary care doctors can initiate treatment themselves, especially for mild to moderate substance use disorders.

Medication for Addiction Treatment (MAT)

Some PCPs are certified to prescribe buprenorphine (Suboxone) for opioid addiction. They can also prescribe:

• Naltrexone (Vivitrol) – for alcohol or opioid cravings

• Disulfiram (Antabuse) – to discourage alcohol use

• Acamprosate (Campral) – to ease alcohol withdrawal symptoms

These medications reduce cravings, withdrawal, and the risk of relapse, particularly when combined with therapy.

Brief Intervention and Counseling

Primary care providers trained in SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment) can:

• Provide brief motivational interviews

• Educate you about the risks of continued substance use

• Help you develop a plan to cut back or quit

• Refer you to behavioral therapy or outpatient programs

This model is especially helpful for patients in early-stage addiction who are open to making changes.

When a Referral Is the Best Option

In more severe cases—such as long-term addiction, risk of overdose, or presence of co-occurring mental health disorders—your doctor will likely refer you to a specialist or facility for more intensive care.

They may connect you with:

• Addiction psychiatrists for medication and mental health support

• Licensed alcohol and drug counselors for therapy

• Inpatient or outpatient rehab programs

• Detox centers for medical stabilization

• Sober living homes for post-rehab support

• 12-step or peer support groups in your area

Because your PCP is familiar with your insurance, location, and medical history, they can help you find the best-fitting resources quickly.

The Benefits of Starting With Your PCP

Here are just a few reasons why starting addiction treatment with your primary care provider is a smart move:

✅ Convenience and Access

You likely already see your PCP for check-ups, vaccines, or chronic conditions. Adding addiction support to this care streamlines the process.

✅ Whole-Body Health Management

Addiction affects every system in the body. Your PCP can monitor and manage related health issues, from blood pressure to liver damage.

✅ Continuity of Care

Even after formal addiction treatment ends, your PCP can continue monitoring your health and recovery progress for the long haul.

✅ Early Intervention

PCPs can identify risky behavior before it escalates into full-blown addiction, especially in teens and young adults.

✅ Trusted Relationship

If you already have rapport with your provider, you’re more likely to be honest—and more likely to follow through with care.

How to Start the Conversation

Not sure how to bring it up? Here are some simple, effective ways to start a conversation with your doctor:

• “I’ve been drinking more than I’m comfortable with, and I want to talk about it.”

• “I’ve tried to stop using pills on my own but haven’t been able to.”

• “I think I might have a problem with drugs and don’t know what to do next.”

• “I’ve been feeling overwhelmed and using substances to cope—can we talk about that?”

• “Do you know of any treatment programs or specialists you’d recommend?”

Remember: your doctor is there to help you—not to judge you. Being honest is the first step toward finding the right support.

What If You Don’t Have a Primary Care Doctor?

If you’re uninsured or don’t currently have a PCP, here are some options:

• Community health clinics offer low-cost medical care, including addiction screening

• Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) provide sliding-scale services

• State-run addiction hotlines or websites often list providers accepting new patients

• Urgent care centers can offer initial evaluations and referrals

Consider calling local rehab centers (like Nova Recovery Center) to ask if they have affiliated medical professionals who can provide intake assessments.

Final Thoughts: Small Steps Lead to Big Change

Addiction can feel isolating—but you don’t have to navigate it alone. Your family doctor or primary care provider can be the bridge between where you are and where you want to go. By starting the conversation in a familiar, supportive environment, you’re laying the groundwork for a safer, healthier future.

Even if they’re not addiction specialists, PCPs are trained to guide you toward the help you need. Whether it’s prescribing medication, providing resources, or making a referral to treatment, they are a vital ally in the recovery process.

Need Help Finding Treatment? Start With a Conversation

At Nova Recovery Center, we believe every recovery journey begins with the right support. If you’re unsure where to begin, talk to your doctor—or reach out to us directly. Our team can work with your primary care provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that meets your medical, emotional, and spiritual needs.